Omphalocele: clinical and epidemiological profile of patients born in a tertiary care center in Rio de Janeiro.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this paper is to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile and the early outcomes of patients with omphalocele born in a fetal medicine, pediatric surgery, and genetics reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. To determine its prevalence, describe the presence of genetic syndromes, and congenital malformations, emphasizing the characteristics of congenital heart diseases and their most common types. METHODS: Using Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) database and records review, a retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, including all patients born with omphalocele between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2019. RESULTS: During the period of the study, our unity registered 4,260 births, 4,064 were live births and 196 stillbirths. There were 737 diagnoses of any congenital malformation, among them 38 cases of omphalocele, 27 were live born, but one was excluded for missing data. 62.2% were male, 62.2% of the women were multiparous and 51.3% of the babies were preterm. There was an associated malformation in 89.1% of the cases. Heart disease was the most common (45.9%) of which tetralogy of Fallot was the most frequent (23.5%). Mortality rate was 61.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed a good correspondence with the existing literature. Most patients with omphalocele had other malformations, especially congenital heart disease. No pregnancy was interrupted. The presence of concurrent defects showed a huge impact on prognosis, since, even if most survived birth, few remained alive and received hospital discharge. Based on these data, fetal medicine and neonatal teams must be able to adjust parents counseling about fetal and neonatal risks, especially when other congenital diseases are present.

Narratives on health: reflections on care for people with disabilities and genetic disease within the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) / Narrativas em saúde: refletindo sobre o cuidado à pessoa com deficiência e doença genética no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) / Narrativas en salud: reflexión sobre el cuidado a la persona con discapacidad y enfermedad genética en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS)

Dentre os fatores que interferem para um cuidado efetivo à saúde de pessoas com deficiência e doenças genéticas no SUS, incluem-se: a presença de estigmas, de relações marcadas pelo poder biomédico e pela violência institucional. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as questões que atravessam esse cuidado, utilizando, como fio condutor, narrativas de experiências vividas pela autora no cuidado a crianças e famílias. Escrito no formato de ensaio, este texto discute as questões envolvendo o cuidado à saúde e a dádiva no contexto de práticas orientadas pela biomedicina e pelo biopoder. As narrativas revelam a capacidade de transformação de afetos e potencialização de encontros, marcados por circuitos de dádiva e pautados pela construção de relações intersubjetivas entre profissionais e usuários dos serviços que promovem novos espaços e formas de cuidado à saúde...

Entre los factores que interfieren para un cuidado efectivo de la salud de personas con discapacidad y enfermedades genéticas en el SUS, se incluyen los siguientes: la presencia de estigmas, de relaciones marcadas por el poder biomédico y por la violencia institucional. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir las cuestiones que atraviesan ese cuidado, utilizando como hilo conductor narrativas de experiencias vividas por la autora en el cuidado a niños y familias. Escrito en el formato de ensayo, este texto discute las cuestiones que envuelven el cuidado de la salud y la dádiva en el contexto de prácticas orientadas por la biomedicina y por el biopoder. Las narrativas revelan la capacidad de transformación de afectos y potencialización de encuentros, marcados por circuitos de dádiva y regidos por la construcción de relaciones intersubjetivas entre profesionales y usuarios de los servicios que promueven nuevos espacios y formas de cuidado de la salud...

The factors that influence effective healthcare for people with disabilities and genetic diseases within SUS include the presence of stigma, relationships marked by biomedical power and institutional violence. This paper aims to discuss the issues that run through this care, guided by narratives on this author's experiences of caring for children and families. This text was written in essay format and discusses the issues surrounding healthcare and benefits, within the context of practices driven by biomedicine and biopower. The narratives reveal the transforming capacity of affection and additional potential of meetings, marked by circuits of benefits and guided by construction of interpersonal relationships between professionals and service users that promote new spaces and forms of healthcare...

Identification of familial clustering for cancer through the family health strategy program in the municipality of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Identification of families with history of cancer in the municipality of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), through the Brazilian Unified Primary Health Care System was explored based in the Community Health Agents (CHA) program. This study was divided into two phases: a descriptive one with a cross-sectional epidemiological data of families with history of cancer based on CHA-collected data from home visits in four primary health care units. The second phase consisted in identifying familial clustering of three or more individuals with cancer through construction of a three-generation pedigree and revisited by an itinerant group of medical geneticists. Genetic counseling was carried out with the intent of selecting potential families at risk for hereditary familial cancers. In the first phase of the study, 1,581 families were interviewed by the CHA at their homes. A positive history for cancer was present in 42.3 % of families, comprising 22.3 % with only one case per family, 11.2 % with two cases, and 8.6 % with three or more cases in the family. The informant reported that 15 % of the cases were from the father lineage, 12 % from the mother lineage, and 12.1 % within siblings. In the remaining 60.9 % families, cancer was present in both sides of the family. The types of cancer reported were uterus 8.7 % (n = 137), stomach 7.7 % (n = 122), breast 6.9 % (n = 109), throat 6.8 % (n = 99), prostate 5.4 % (n = 85), lung 5.6 % (n = 88), bowel 3.7 % (n = 59), and unspecified sites in 6.8 % (n = 108) of families. No statistical differences were noted between the data collected on each primary care unit. In the second phase of the study, 136 families (2.9 %) from the total of families interviewed in phase 1 were selected due to the presence of three or more individuals with cancer in the family. Among those, only 73 families attended genetic counseling. Comparison between the data obtained by the CHA and the medical geneticists shows complete agreement in 36 cases (49.3 %), partial agreement in 25 cases (34.2 %) with more detailed information in the CHA sheets, discordance in 4 cases (5.5 %), and not possible to correlate in 8 cases due to identification inconsistency. Risk assessment for cancer was calculated based on the criteria adopted by Scheuner et al. (Genet Med 12(11):726-735, 2010) and revealed that 50.0 % of the families were classified as having a weak risk, 36.1 % a moderate risk, and 13.8 % were considered of high risk. Concerning known hereditary cancer syndromes, we found one family that met the criteria for breast and ovary hereditary cancer (1.4 %) and one family with non-polyposis hereditary colon cancer as revised by Bethesda protocol. Such preliminary results indicated that the Brazilian Primary Health Care system based on the CHA framework can be an effective entrance into the Unified Brazilian Health Care System (SUS-Brazil) for individuals with genetically determined diseases, such as familial cancer. Families with a history of three or more cases of cancer and considered of high risk for familial cancer could be referred to a tertiary health center for proper oncogenetic counseling.

Atenção em genética médica no sus: a experiência de um município de médio porte / Attention in medical genetics in the brazilian health system: the experience of a medium-sized municipality

Realizou-se estudo descritivo e exploratório da experiência em município de médio porte da implantação de ações na área da Genética, conjugando a análise dos documentos oficiais e de um questionário aplicado a 43 profissionais de nível superior da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados obtidos foram analisados buscando obter respostas sobre como e por que foram realizadas determinadas estratégias de atenção à saúde na área da Genética Clínica e Comunitária. Tais ações foram classificadas em "educação permanente", "vigilância em saúde" e "ampliação do acesso à assistência". Os resultados revelaram que ainda é necessário estender as ações de educação permanente na área para profissionais da atenção primária, possibilitando assim promover a efetivação dessa porta de entrada do Sistema Único de Saúde para a área da Genética e o acesso a um cuidado integral em saúde.

We conducted a descriptive study on the experience of implementation of actions in the area of genetics in a medium-sized municipality, combining the analysis of official documents and a questionnaire administered to 43 university level professionals of the Family Health Strategy. The data were analyzed looking for answers about how and why certain health care strategies in the area of clinical and community genetics were performed. Such actions were classified as "continuing education", "health surveillance" and "enhanced access to care". The results showed that it is still necessary to extend the actions of continuing education in genetics for primary care professionals, promoting this gateway to the SUS also to the area of genetics, in order to allow full access to comprehensive health care.

Avaliação genética itinerante de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência vinculadas à Estratégia Saúde da Família / Genetic evaluation as an itinerant strategic medical care towards impaired children and teenagers in the Brazilian Family Health Program / Evaluación genética itinerante de niños y adolescentes con deficiencia relacionados a la estrategia Brasileña de Salud Familiar

As doenças genéticas atingem cerca de 3% a 10% da população e podem levar a problemas de saúde crônicos e deficiências. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever uma experiência nacional inédita de assistência na área da genética clínica por meio de uma equipe itinerante de especialistas que avaliou pacientes selecionados pela atenção primária a partir da ficha complementar de cadastro de pessoas com deficiências. Foi realizado estudo descritivo e transversal dos pacientes identificados a partir da ficha complementar de cadastro de pessoas com deficiências, avaliados pela equipe em 2005, 2008 e 2009, num total de 324 famílias. A etiologia da deficiência foi definida como genética em 38% dos casos e ambiental em 32,7%. A prevalência de malformações congênitas foi de 31,8%. A utilização da ESF como porta de entrada ampliou o acesso a serviços de alta complexidade para pessoas com doenças de origem genética, defeitos congênitos e deficiências. Os resultados expõem a necessidade de interiorização da genética médica e suas interfaces com a atenção primária, reforçando a importância da implementação de políticas de saúde nesta área.

Genetic disorders affect about 3-10% of the population and can lead to chronic health problems and disabilities. The present work aimed to describe a new experience in health care in clinical genetics by an itinerant team of experts that evaluated patients selected by the primary care through the supplementary registration form for people with disabilities. A descriptive and transversal study was carried out with patients, who were previously identified by the supplementary registration form for people with disabilities, evaluated by the team in 2005, 2008 and 2009, in a total of 324 families. The etiology of disability was defined as genetic in 38% of the cases and environmental in 32.7%. The prevalence of congenital malformations was 31.8%. Family Health Strategy was utilized as a gateway to expand the access to health services for people with highly complex genetic diseases, birth defects and disabilities. The results expose the need to interiorize medical genetics and its interfaces with primary care in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of implementing health policies in this area.

Las enfermedades genéticas alcanzan a cerca del 3 a 10% de la población y pueden llevar a problemas crónicos de salud y deficiencias. El objetivo deste trabajo fue describir una experiencia nacional inédita de asistencia en el área de la genética clinica por medio de un equipo itinerante de especialistas que evaluaron pacientes seleccionados por la atención primaria a partir de la historia clínica disponible en el registro de personas con deficiencia. Fue realizado un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los pacientes identificados a partir de la historia clínica disponible en el registro de personas con deficiencia en 2005, 2008 y 2009, con un total de 324 familias. La etiologia de deficiencia fue definida como genética en 38% y ambiental en 32,7% de los casos. La prevalencia de malformaciones congénitas fue de 31,8%. La utilizacion de Estrategia de Salud Familiar como puerta de entrada amplió el acceso a servicios de alta complejidad para personas con enfermedades de origen genético, defectos congénitos y deficiencias. Nuestros resultados exponen la necesidad de interiorización de la genética médica y sus interfaces con la atencion primaria de la salud, reforzando la importância de implementar políticas de salud en esa área.